Statistical particle stress in aeolian sand movement-derivation and validation

The statistical particle stress (SPS) is a result of group particle movement, which is not referred directly from E–L (Euler–Lagrange) calculations. This paper derives SPS in Eulerian regime and proves that in aeolian sand movement, as the height increases the gas stress also increases while the SPS decreases; however, the sum of gas stress and SPS keeps to be a constant value, which equals to the gas stress in particle absent region. This paper also suggests that SPS predominates in the momentum transportation of particle phase.