Formation of indentation cracks and origin of indentation size effect in cadmium tartrate pentahydrate single crystals

The load dependence of the Vickers microhardness on the as-grown (0 1 0) and (0 0 1), and cleaved (0 0 1) faces of cadmium tartrate pentahydrate (CTPH) single crystals has been investigated. The experimental results showed that, with an increase in the applied load, the microhardness of the as-grown (0 1 0) and (0 0 1) faces decreases, while that of the unheated and heated (0 0 1) cleavage faces decreases first up to a load of 2.5 N and then increases. Analysis of the experimental results revealed that: (1) radial crack length, indentation size and applied indentation load are mutually related, and these dependences related with fracture mechanics are the basis of Meyer’s empirical law, (2) with increasing indentation load, changes in the mechanism of development of indentation cracks from radial cracks to lateral cracks and surface chipping of the material, followed by predominantly surface chipping of the material are responsible for indentation size effect in CTPH crystals, (3) proportional specimen resistance model and Meyer’s law not only explain the indentation size effect but also can be used to determine load-independent hardness H∗, and (4) there is no direct relationship between microhardness and fracture toughness of different CTPH samples, while the values of load-independent hardness H∗, and brittleness indices β and B of CTPH crystals increase linearly with the Meyer constant A. Procedures are given to determine load-independent hardness H∗ from the transition values of load and corresponding indentation size.