The interaction of ultrathin Cr layers with SrTiO3(1 0 0)

The growth of ultrathin Cr overlayers on SrTiO3(1 0 0) was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. It is found that the metal–oxide interaction strongly depends on the deposition temperature. At T < 600 °C, the interfaces are atomically sharp. Local charge transfer happens between the interfacial Cr adatoms and the topmost substrate atoms. The binding energy shift of Cr 2p is dominated by the final state effects. In case of T > 600 °C, bulk diffusion of oxygen in the oxide substrate may occur, which results in a redox reaction and the formation of new reaction phases at the interfaces. In this temperature regime, the binding energy shift of Cr 2p is mainly controlled by the initial state effects.