Three dimensional heat transfer modeling of gas-solid flow in a pipe under various inclination angles

The turbulent heat transfer in gas-solid flows through an inclined pipe under various inclination angles is studied with constant wall heat flux. The hydrodynamic k − τ and kθ − τθ thermal two phase model is used in a lagrangian/Eulerian four way approach. The numerical results agreed reasonably with available experimental data in vertical and horizontal pipe flows. The effects of inclination angles on the flow patterns are reported. The pressure drop and Nusselt number are enhanced significantly as the inclination increases up to a certain angle. The mass loading ratio has influence on the optimal inclination angle. With increasing loading ratio, the optimal inclination angle of maximum pressure drop shifts to the lower amount.