An efficient green synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives using carbon-doped MoO3–TiO2 as a heterogeneous catalyst

A series of carbon-doped MoO3–TiO2 (CMT) material were prepared by sol–gel method. The catalyst prepared has been characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The natural wood plant Acacia arabica used as a source for carbon substrate. The effect of variation of wt.% of carbon doping was successfully evaluated for the preparation of quinoxalines by the condensation of benzil and 1,2-diamine under ultra-sonication in EtOH:water (3:1). The merits of the present investigation are extremely short reaction times, mild reaction conditions, excellent yield, simple workup and environmentally benign process.