Thermodynamic modeling of phase equilibria in the Mn–Y–Zr–O system

In the present work, a complete thermodynamic description of the Mn−Y−Zr−O system is presented, based on the experimental data on the Mn−Zr−O and Mn−Y−Zr−O systems which were carefully reviewed. In t- and c-ZrO2, the Mn ions dissolve in the form of Mn2+ and/or Mn3+. Their solubility limits in pure c-ZrO2 at 1673 K are calculated and compared with those of other metal ions. The ZrO2−MnOx phase diagram and three isothermal sections of MnOx−YO1.5−ZrO2 in air at different temperatures are calculated. Our optimization fits most of the experimental data very well.