Current status and trends in enzymatic nanoimmobilization

Nanostructures are very attractive for enzymatic immobilization processes, since they possess ideal characteristics to equilibrate principal factors which determine biocatalysts efficiency, including specific surface area, mass transfer resistance and effective enzyme loading. A lot of materials are used at nano-size in processes of immobilization, like silica, chitosan, gold, diamond, metals, including graphene and zirconium. The functionalization of these supports is thoroughly studied. The focus of this review is to present the current status and some trends in enzymatic nanoimmobilization. Some applications of nanoimmobilized enzymes are explained in this review as well, considering biodiesel production, esters synthesis and biosensors.