The fast lithium-ion conducting oxides Li3xLa2/3 − xTiO3 from fundamentals to application

The development of fast lithium conductors is attracting much attention because of their potential applications in electrochemical devices such as high-energy lithium ion batteries, electrochromic systems, supercapacitors and electrochemical sensors. Among the lithium electrolyte ceramics, the lithium lanthanum titanates, Li3xLa2/3 − xTiO3, a disordered oxide with perovskite structure, have attracted much attention because of their high conductivity, of the order of 10− 3 S cm− 1 at room temperature, for x = 0.11. The crystallographic structure of the solid solution, prepared by conventional solid-state chemistry, will be described. The dynamics of the lithium ions in Li3xLa2/3 − xTiO3 has been investigated by conductivity spectroscopy in the wide frequency range from 1 Hz to 1 GHz and by 7Li NMR spin-lattice relaxation measurements (T1 and T1ρ) in the temperature range from 150 K to 600 K. Furthermore, the preparation of nanomaterials (20–30 nm) by a modified Pechini-type in-situ polymerizable method will be presented. Finally, we will show the ability of the ceramic to be used as pH sensor.