Surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate on magnetite nanoparticles

The synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles coated with a well-defined graft polymer is reported. The magnetite nanoparticles with an initiator group for copper-mediated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), 2-(4-chlorosulfonylphenyl) ethyltrichlorosilane (CTCS) chemically bound on their surfaces were prepared by the self-assembled monolayer-deposition method. The surface-initiated ATRP of methyl methacrylate (MMA) was carried out with the CTCS-coated magnetite nanoparticles in the presence of free (sacrificing) initiator, p-toluenesulfonyl chloride. Polymerization proceeded in a living fashion, exhibiting first-order kinetics of monomer consumption and a proportional relationship between molecular weight of the graft polymer and monomer conversion, thus providing well-defined, low-polydispersity graft polymers with an approximate graft density of 0.7 chains/nm2. The molecular weight and polydispersity of the graft polymer were nearly equal to those of the free polymer produced in the solution, meaning that the free polymer is a good measure of the characteristics of the graft polymer. The graft polymer possessed exceptionally high stability and remarkably improved dispersibility of the magnetite nanoparticles in organic solvent.