Meat diets and fragile bones: Inferences about osteoporosis

Because women supplemented with copper have improved bone density and femurs of rats deficient in copper have decreased mechanical strength, the hypothesis that mice fed meat would have fragile bones was tested. Mice fed sirloin are hypercholesterolemic in comparison to mice fed meat and beef liver because of a relative deficiency of copper compared to zinc. Male, albino, Swiss mice were fed trimmed sirloin or sirloin supplemented with beef liver (3/1 by weight). After 62 days, when hypercholesterolemia was detected, mice were killed and femurs were removed, cleaned and dried. Breaking strength was measured carefully at room temperature. The meat diet produced femurs 23% weaker (8.8 ± 0.70 N/mg · 100 vs 11.4 ± 0.92, x̄ ± SE, p < 0.04) in comparison to meat plus liver. Calcium, copper and phosphorus concentrations were unaffected but zinc was mildly elevated in the weak bones (426 ± 17.5 g/g vs 355 ± 9.23, p < 0.002). These elements generally are unaltered in osteoporotic bones. Because copper deficiency produces osteoporosis in animals and people and because the Western diet often is low in copper, further tests of the hypothesis that diets low in copper contribute to osteoporosis are warranted.