Kinetics of nitroxide-controlled radical polymerization during the non-stationary state

The activation–deactivation equilibrium of nitroxide-controlled radical polymerization of styrene at 123 °C was investigated. For this purpose the reaction solution was examined time dependently during the initial phase of the polymerization by using an SEC column combination providing a very good separation of the low-molecular weight species. By time-dependent measurement of the alkoxyamine concentration the activation rate of the alkoxyamines PhEt-TIPNO (N-tert-butyl-N-(2-methyl-1-phenyl-propyl)-O-(1-phenyl-ethyl)-hydroxylamine) kact = 3.2 × 10−3 s−1 and PhEt-BIPNO (N-tert-butyl-N-(1-isopropyl-2-methyl-propyl)-O-(1-phenyl-ethyl)-hydroxylamine) kact = 6.4 × 10−3 s−1 can be determined directly. ering the Persistent Radical Effect theory, the measurement of the free nitroxide concentration allows to determine the pseudo-equilibrium constant of dissociation/combination between dormant and active species for polystyryl-TIPNO and polystyryl-BIPNO, K = 7.5 × 10−9 mol/L and 1.08 × 10−8 mol/L, respectively.