Electrorheological properties of thermo-oxidative polypyrrole nanofibers

Using a chemical oxidative polymerization, polypyrrole (PPy) nanofibers were synthesized. After further thermo-oxidative treatment in air, the conductivity of PPy nanofibers was adjusted to a suitable level for use as a non-conventional nanofiber-based electrorheological (ER) suspension. Under electric fields, rheological properties of thermo-oxidative PPy nanofiber suspension were characterized. It showed that the nanofiber suspension possessed notable ER effect and low current density. Especially, the yield stress and shear modulus of nanofiber suspension were stronger than that of conventional granular suspension at the same volume fraction though the off-field viscosity of former was lower than that of latter. The ER effect and current density of thermo-oxidative PPy nanofiber suspension depended on the thermo-oxidative time and the nanofibers obtained after treatment for 3–5 h at 240 °C exhibited the optimal ER performances. It also showed that the thermo-oxidative PPy nanofiber suspension could maintain good ER properties within a wide operating temperature range of 25–115 °C.