Magnetic behaviors of frustrated Ising spin-chain system: Wang–Landau simulation for three-dimensional lattice

The magnetic behaviors of triangular spin-chain system Ca3Co2O6 have been investigated using the Wang–Landau method based on the Ising model for three-dimensional lattice. Our simulation shows that the equilibrium state of the model produces the two-step magnetization curve at low temperature even when the intra-chain interaction is considered. As a consequence, this work indicates that the four-step magnetization curve observed in experiments must arise from the non-equilibrium magnetization, which is consistent with earlier report.