Author/Authors :
Ceesay، نويسنده , , Serign J. and Bojang، نويسنده , , Kalifa A. and Nwakanma، نويسنده , , Davis and Conway، نويسنده , , David J. and Koita، نويسنده , , Ousmane A. and Doumbia، نويسنده , , Seydou O. and Ndiaye، نويسنده , , Daouda and Coulibaly، نويسنده , , Tinzana F. and Diakité، نويسنده , , Mahamadou and Traoré، نويسنده , , Sekou F. and Coulibaly، نويسنده , , Mamadou Babacar Ndiaye، نويسنده , , Jean-Louis and Sarr، نويسنده , , Ousmane and Gaye، نويسنده , , Oumar and Konaté، نويسنده , , Lassana and Sy، نويسنده , , Ngayo and Faye، نويسنده , , Babacar and Faye، نويسنده , , Ousmane and Sogoba، نويسنده , , Nafomon and Jawara، نويسنده , , Musa and Dao، نويسنده , , Adama and Poudiougou، نويسنده , , Belco and Diawara، نويسنده , , Sory and Okebe، نويسنده , , Joseph and Sangaré، نويسنده , , Lansana and Abubakar، نويسنده , , Ismaela and Sissako، نويسنده , , Aliou and Diarra، نويسنده , , Ayouba and Kéita، نويسنده , , Moussa and Kandeh، نويسنده , , Balla and Long، نويسنده , , Carole A. and Fairhurst، نويسنده , , Rick M. and Duraisingh، نويسنده , , Manoj and Perry، نويسنده , , Robert and Muskavitch، نويسنده , , Marc A.T. and Valim، نويسنده , , Clarissa and Volkman، نويسنده , , Sarah K. and Wirth، نويسنده , , Dyann F. and Krogstad، نويسنده , , Donald J.، نويسنده ,
Abstract :
The study sites for the West African ICEMR are in three countries (The Gambia, Senegal, Mali) and are located within 750 km of each other. In addition, the National Malaria Control Programmes of these countries have virtually identical policies: (1) Artemisinin Combination Therapies (ACTs) for the treatment of symptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infection, (2) Long-Lasting Insecticide-treated bed Nets (LLINs) to reduce the Entomololgic Inoculation Rate (EIR), and (3) sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine for the Intermittent Preventive Treatment of malaria during pregnancy (IPTp). However, the prevalence of P. falciparum malaria and the status of malaria control vary markedly across the four sites with differences in the duration of the transmission season (from 4–5 to 10–11 months), the intensity of transmission (with EIRs from unmeasurably low to 4–5 per person per month), multiplicity of infection (from a mean of 1.0 to means of 2–5) and the status of malaria control (from areas which have virtually no control to areas that are at the threshold of malaria elimination). The most important priority is the need to obtain comparable data on the population-based prevalence, incidence and transmission of malaria before new candidate interventions or combinations of interventions are introduced for malaria control.
