Defect evolution during the phase transition of hexagonal nickel sulfide studied by positron annihilation spectroscopy

The defect structures of the hexagonal nickel sulfide with different Ni contents (Ni1−ΔS) have been investigated mainly by the positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy and the temperature-dependent positron Doppler broadening technique. Combining with theoretical calculations, it is convincingly found that there is a high concentration of Ni-monovacancies in Ni1−ΔS not only in the low temperature (LT) phase but also in the high temperature (HT) phase. The defect concentration and the trapping functionality for positrons have almost no changes before and after the phase transition. Besides, the transition temperature decreases and the thermal hysteresis width of the phase transition narrows down with the reduction of Ni contents, since the existence of Ni-monovacancies can lower the energy requirement of the transformation and thus promote the transition occurrence.