Bioactivity improvement of poly(ε-caprolactone) membrane with the addition of nanofibrous bioactive glass

Nanofibrous glass with a bioactive composition was added to a degradable polymer poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) to produce a nanocomposite in thin membrane form (∼260 μm). The bioactivity and osteoblastic responses of the nanocomposite membrane were examined and compared with those of a pure PCL membrane. Glass nanofibers with diameters in the range of hundreds of nanometers were added to a PCL solution at 20 wt.%, and the mixture was stirred vigorously and air dried. The obtained nanocomposite membrane showed that many chopped glass nanofibers formed by the mixing step were embedded uniformly into the PCL matrix. The nanocomposite membrane induced the rapid formation of apatite-like minerals on the surface when immersed in a simulated body fluid. Murine-derived osteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1) grew actively over the nanocomposite membrane with cell viability significantly improved compared with those on the pure PCL membrane. Moreover, the osteoblastic activity, as assessed by the expression of alkaline phosphatase, was significantly higher on the nanocomposite membrane than on the pure PCL membrane. The currently developed nanocomposite of the bioactive glass-added PCL might find applications in the bone regeneration areas such as the guided bone regeneration (GBR) membrane.