Effect of surface structure on protein adsorption to biphasic calcium-phosphate ceramics in vitro and in vivo

Protein adsorption affects the function of cells and determines the bioactivity of biomaterial implants. Surface structure and properties of materials determine the behavior of protein adsorption. In the present study, two biphasic calcium-phosphate ceramics (BCPs) with different surface structures were fabricated by pressing and H2O2 foaming methods. Their surface characteristics were analyzed and the in vitro and in vivo protein adsorption on them was investigated. Porous BCP showed higher ability to adsorb proteins, and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) adsorption notably increased with increasing in vivo implantation time. The strong affinity of BCP to TGF-β1 might provide important information for exploring the mechanism of the osteoinduction of calcium phosphates.