Interaction of an ordered mesoporous bioactive glass with osteoblasts, fibroblasts and lymphocytes, demonstrating its biocompatibility as a potential bone graft material

Ordered mesoporous 85SiO2–10CaO–5P2O5 bioactive glass (MBG85) is an excellent candidate as a graft for bone tissue regeneration, owing to its excellent textured properties, structural characteristics and crystalline apatite rate formation. To assess MBG85 biocompatibility, different parameters have been evaluated (cell morphology, size/complexity, proliferation, viability, cell cycle, reactive oxygen species content, lactate dehydrogenase release) using human Saos-2 osteoblasts after treatment with either MBG85 extracts or 1% MBG85 directly added to cells. The osteoblast response to MBG85 was compared with L929 fibroblast behaviour after the same treatment. The high cell viability observed and the absence of signs of cell damage in both cell types demonstrates MBG85 biocompatibility. Only a cytostatic effect was observed through the reduction of cell proliferation, related with the initial Ca elution, whereas Si leaching did not result into any negative effect. In vitro lymphocytic proliferation analysis was also carried out with SR.D10 clone after treatment with either MBG85 extracts or culture supernatants of L929 fibroblasts previously treated with 1% MBG85 (cell-conditioned extracts). The absence of modification of in vitro T-cell response underlines the biocompatibility of MBG85 and its potential application in the field of bone and dental grafting.