Earnings Management Thresholds: The Case In Tunisia

Degeorge, Patel and Zeckhauser (1999) show that companies willingly manage their earnings with the aim of meeting or exceeding three earnings targets: zero earnings, last period’s earnings, and analystsʹ earnings forecasts. In this paper, we focus on earnings management designed to achieve the above earnings thresholds within the framework of the Tunisian market. Applying Burgstahler and Dichev’s (1997) methodology type to the annual data corresponding to the period from 1997 to 2004, our results indicate that Tunisian companies managed earnings to avoid losses and earnings decreases rather than to avoid negative earnings surprises.