Reduction biodegradable brushed PDMAEMA derivatives synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization and click chemistry for gene delivery

Novel reducible and degradable brushed poly(2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as non-viral gene delivery vectors. First, alkyne-functionalized poly(aspartic acid) with a disulfide linker between the propargyl group and backbone poly([(propargyl carbamate)-cystamine]-α,β-aspartamide) (P(Asp-SS-AL)) was synthesized. Second, linear low molecular weight (LMW) monoazido-functionalized PDMAEMAs synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization were conjugated to the polypeptide side-chains of P(Asp-SS-AL) via click chemistry to yield high molecular weight (HMW) polyaspartamide-based disulfide-containing brushed PDMAEMAs (PAPDEs). The PAPDEs were able to condense plasmid DNA to form 100 to 200 nm polyplexes with positive ζ-potentials. Moreover, in the presence of dithiothreitol the PAPDEs degraded into LMW PDAMEMA, resulting in disintegration of the PAPDE/DNA polyplexes and subsequent release of plasmid DNA. In vitro experiments revealed that the PAPDEs were less cytotoxic and more effective in gene transfection than control 25 kDa poly(ethyleneimine) and HMW linear PDMAEMA. In conclusion, reducible and degradable polycations composed of LMW PDMAEMAs coupled to a polypeptide backbone via reduction-sensitive disulfide bonds are effective gene vectors with an excellent cytocompatibility.