Regenerative medicine of the kidney

End stage renal disease is a major health problem in this country and worldwide. Although dialysis and kidney transplantation are currently used to treat this condition, kidney regeneration resulting in complete healing would be a desirable alternative. In this review we focus our attention on current therapeutic approaches used clinically to delay the onset of kidney failure. In addition we describe novel approaches, like Tissue Engineering, Stem cell Applications, Gene Therapy, and Renal Replacement Therapy that may one day be possible alternative therapies for patients with the hope of delaying kidney failure or even stopping the progression of renal disease.