Author/Authors :
Metayer، نويسنده , , Catherine and Milne، نويسنده , , Elizabeth and Clavel، نويسنده , , Jacqueline and Infante-Rivard، نويسنده , , Claire and Petridou، نويسنده , , Eleni and Taylor، نويسنده , , Malcolm and Schüz، نويسنده , , Joachim and Spector، نويسنده , , Logan G. and Dockerty، نويسنده , , John D. and Magnani، نويسنده , , Corrado and Pombo-de-Oliveira، نويسنده , , Maria S. and Sinnett، نويسنده , , Daniel and Murphy، نويسنده , , Michael R. Roman، نويسنده , , Eve and Monge، نويسنده , , Patricia and Ezzat، نويسنده , , Sameera and Mueller، نويسنده , , Beth A. and Scheurer، نويسنده , , Michael E. and Armstrong، نويسنده , , Bruce K. and Birch، نويسنده , , Jill and Kaatsch، نويسنده , , Peter and Koifman، نويسنده , , Sergio and Lightfoot، نويسنده , , Tracy and Bhatti، نويسنده , , Parveen and Bondy، نويسنده , , Melissa L. and Rudant، نويسنده , , Jérémie and O’Neill، نويسنده , , Kate and Miligi، نويسنده , , Lucia and Dessypris، نويسنده , , Nick and Kang، نويسنده , , Alice Y. and Buffler، نويسنده , , Patricia A.، نويسنده ,
Abstract :
Background: Acute leukemia is the most common cancer in children under 15 years of age; 80% are acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 17% are acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Childhood leukemia shows further diversity based on cytogenetic and molecular characteristics, which may relate to distinct etiologies. Case–control studies conducted worldwide, particularly of ALL, have collected a wealth of data on potential risk factors and in some studies, biospecimens. There is growing evidence for the role of infectious/immunologic factors, fetal growth, and several environmental factors in the etiology of childhood ALL. The risk of childhood leukemia, like other complex diseases, is likely to be influenced both by independent and interactive effects of genes and environmental exposures. While some studies have analyzed the role of genetic variants, few have been sufficiently powered to investigate gene–environment interactions. Objectives: The Childhood Leukemia International Consortium (CLIC) was established in 2007 to promote investigations of rarer exposures, gene–environment interactions and subtype-specific associations through the pooling of data from independent studies. Methods: By September 2012, CLIC included 22 studies (recruitment period: 1962–present) from 12 countries, totaling approximately 31 000 cases and 50 000 controls. Of these, 19 case–control studies have collected detailed epidemiologic data, and DNA samples have been collected from children and child–parent trios in 15 and 13 of these studies, respectively. Two registry-based studies and one study comprising hospital records routinely obtained at birth and/or diagnosis have limited interview data or biospecimens. Conclusions: CLIC provides a unique opportunity to fill gaps in knowledge about the role of environmental and genetic risk factors, critical windows of exposure, the effects of gene–environment interactions and associations among specific leukemia subtypes in different ethnic groups.
