Computer simulations using a longitudinal quadrupolar Gay–Berne model: effect of the quadrupole magnitude on the formation of the smectic phase

Systems of Gay–Berne particles with longitudinal linear quadrupoles are studied by molecular dynamics simulations. The effect of the magnitude of the quadrupole on the smectic phase is investigated. It is found that the quadrupole destabilises the formation of the smectic phase which disappears altogether with high-magnitude quadrupoles. As the magnitude of the quadrupole is reduced a variety of smectic phases are formed, including smectic A, smectic C and smectic B, with the eventual formation of a crystal. The maximum magnitude of the tilt observed is 17.2°, comparable with experimentally observed magnitudes.