Incommensurate domain walls in the two-dimensional Hubbard model with next-nearest-neighbor hopping

We present mean-field solutions of the incommensurate domain walls in the two-dimensional Hubbard model with next-nearest-neighbor (NNN) hopping terms. We found that the diagonal NNN hopping term t′ plays an important role in affecting the relative stabilities of the domain walls along the diagonal and axial directions on the square lattice. In contrast to previous well-known Hartree–Fock solution without t′ in which the diagonal stripe phase is stable with one hole on every site of the domain wall for U>4t, we find that the vertical stripe is more stable than the diagonal one for half hole occupation along the domain walls in the same parameter regime.