Writing of two-dimensional crystal curved lines at the surface of Sm2O3–Bi2O3–B2O3 glass by samarium atom heat processing

Two-dimensional crystal curved lines consisting of the nonlinear optical SmxBi1−xBO3 phase are fabricated at the surface of 8Sm2O3·37Bi2O3·55B2O3 glass by continuous wave Nd:YAG laser (wavelength: 1064 nm) irradiation (samarium atom heat processing) with a power of ∼0.9 W and a laser scanning speed of 5 μm/s. The curved lines with bending angles of 0–90° or with sine-shapes are written by just changing the laser scanning direction. The polarized micro-Raman scattering spectra for the line after bending are the same as those for the line before bending, indicating that the crystal plane of SmxBi1−xBO3 crystals to the crystal growth direction might be maintained even after the change in the laser scanning direction. It is found from laser scanning microscope observations that the crystal lines at the surface are swelled out smoothly, giving a height of about 10 μm.