Theory of spin transfer phenomena in magnetic metals and semiconductors

We propose a general theory of the spin-transfer effects that occur when current flows through inhomogeneous magnetic systems. Our theory does not rest on an appeal to conservation of total spin, can assess whether or not current-induced magnetization precession and switching in a particular geometry will occur coherently, and can estimate the efficacy of spin-transfer when spin–orbit interactions are present. We illustrate our theory by applying it to a toy-model twodimensional-electron-gas ferromagnet with Rashba spin–orbit interactions.