Presence and potent immunosuppressive role of interleukin-10 in malignant pleural effusion due to lung cancer

The presence and possible role of interleukin (IL)-10 were examined in malignant pleural effusion due to lung cancer. In 37 out of 55 cases examined, IL-10 was detectable in pleural effusion and the mean level with standard error was 62.1±12.1 pg/ml. Spontaneous and lipopolysaccharide-induced production of anti-tumor cytokines such as IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, by pleural macrophages, obtained from five patients with malignant pleurisy, were suppressed by IL-10. These findings suggest that IL-10 is present in the tumor-growing site and acts as a suppressive factor of local anti-tumor immunity in humans.