A study investigating the formation of artificial sub-surface enamel caries-like lesions in deciduous and permanent teeth in the presence and absence of fluoride

Objectives: Clinical and in situ studies have shown that caries formation and progression is faster in primary than in permanent teeth. Ambient levels of fluoride are also known to influence the processes of carious lesion formation. The aims were, firstly to investigate the incidence of artificial sub-surface caries lesion formation in the enamel of deciduous and permanent teeth in vitro. Secondly, to compare quantitatively the mineral content and distribution of these lesions and assess the possible influence of fluoride upon the lesion parameters. Methods: Twenty primary molars and 20 permanent premolars were randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups. Samples in each experimental group were immersed in a 0.05 M lactic acid gel (6% w/v hydroxyethyl cellulose, pH 4.5) either in the absence or presence of fluoride for 7 days. Subsequently, lesion parameters of mineral loss (vol.% μm) and lesion depth (μm) were assessed by transverse microradiography and image analysis. Results: No significant differences existed between the lesion parameters of permanent and primary teeth (P=0.20). Irrespective of tooth type, lesion parameters were significantly reduced in samples demineralised in the presence of fluoride (P≤0.002). Conclusions: Fluoride significantly reduces the severity of sub-surface caries lesions formed in vitro and in contrary to previous studies, there were no significant differences in lesions parameters between permanent and primary teeth.