Simulation of surface temperature of metals irradiated by intense pulsed electron, ion and laser beams

Comparison of intense pulsed electron, ion, and laser beams as a heat source for amorphous phase formation on metal surfaces is discussed. A temporal and spatial evolution of temperature in a pure titanium surface irradiated by the beam was calculated to estimate the cooling rate and the thickness of the treated layer. The cooling rate increases with decreasing beam energy fluence, but it results in a reduction in the thickness of the treated layer. The ion beam is an ideal heat source with a large cooling rate and yields a thick treated layer at low energy fluence.