Biomedical applications of diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings: A review

To resist wear, biomedical components require coatings that are exceptionally hard, have low friction, and are bioinert. Diamond-like carbon has been shown to provide this capability and to prevent leaching of metallic ions into the body. There are many ways to deposit such coatings from carbonaceous precursors, and some offer the means to incorporate other elements such as nitrogen, titanium, or silver. All reported tests of the biocompatibility of DLC coatings have been successful. This review will summarize work done on orthopedic and cardiovascular components together with other medical applications. For optimum tribological performance, the DLC must be deposited onto highly polished surfaces. The stage has been set for more simulation tests, leading to clinical trials, but the prospects appear to be very good.