Zinc-binding compounds induce cancer cell death via distinct modes of action

Metal-binding compounds have been shown to have anticancer activity and are being evaluated clinically as anticancer agents. We have recently found that a zinc-binding compound, 5-chloro-7-iodo-8-hydroxyquinoline (clioquinol), kills cancer cells by transporting zinc into the cells. We therefore compared the action of clioquinol with two other cytotoxic zinc-binding compounds, N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine (TPEN) and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC). We demonstrate that metal-binding compounds can be subclassified based upon the reversibility of their cytotoxicity by metal supplementation and their modes of action. Understanding the mechanisms whereby metal-binding compounds affect cell behavior may aid in their optimization for clinical use.