Identification of antimutagenic substances in an extract of edible red alga, Porphyra tenera (Asadusa-nori)

Recently, a relatively strong antimutagenic activity has been detected in the extract of Porphyra tenera (Asakusa-nori in Japanese) which showed a suppressive effect on mutagen-induced umu C gene expression in Salmonella typhimurium (TA 1535/pSK 1002 (Okai et al. (1994) Cancer Lett., 87, 25–32). In the present paper, we analyzed the active principles for the antimutagenic activity in an extract of Porphyra tenera and detected three color spots on a silica gel TLC plate which indicated very similar Rf values and absorbance spectra of standard pigments such as β-carotene, chlorophyll a and lutein. The seaweed pigments recovered from preparative silica gel TLC corresponding to β-carotene, chlorophyll a and lutein exhibited significant suppressive activities against mutagen-induced umu C gene expression and combined treatment with these pigments showed an additive effect compared with single treatment with each pigment. Furthermore, the standard pigments prepared from other biological sources also exhibited similar anti-mutagenic activities. The significance of this finding is discussed from the protective role of seaweed pigments against mutagenesis probably associated with carcinogenesis.