Thermodynamic reassessment of the Au–Bi system

The Au–Bi system has been thermodynamically reassessed through the Calphad approach by combining new experimental data, in particular the enthalpies of mixing of the liquid phase recently available in the literature. A good agreement is obtained between the calculated and experimental invariant equilibria. The resulting assessment has been incorporated into the ternary thermodynamic description of the Ag–Au–Bi system which will be published soon and which is of interest in the lead-free soldering process for electronic materials.