Molecular mechanisms of endometrial stromal sarcoma and undifferentiated endometrial sarcoma as premises for new therapeutic strategies

Endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) and undifferentiated endometrial sarcoma (UES) are very rare gynecologic malignancies. Due to the rarity and heterogeneity of these tumors, little is known about their epidemiology, pathogenesis, and molecular pathology. Our previous studies have described deregulation of histone deacetylases expression in ESS/UES samples. Some of these enzymes can be inhibited by substances which are already approved for treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. On the basis of published data, they may also provide a therapeutic option for ESS/UES patients. Our review focuses on molecular mechanisms of ESS/UES. It describes various aspects with special emphasis on alteration of histone deacetylation and its possible relevance for novel therapies.