Short echo time MRI enables visualisation of the natural state of human stratum corneum water in vivo

High resolution magnetic resonance imaging studies on skin have been limited by their inability to detect the low-moisture-content outer layers near the surface of the stratum corneum. The hydration of these outer layers is especially important physiologically. The present study shows that by using a short echo time of 5 ms it becomes possible to observe these layers in all but a few individuals with exceptionally dry skin. The quality of the images can be further improved by the use of separate transmit and receive coils, which reduces the rapid fall-off in signal intensity encountered with a single surface coil used both to transmit and receive.