Performance testing of iron based thermally sprayed HVOF coatings in a biomass-fired fluidised bed boiler

Managing high temperature corrosion problems in biomass firing boilers has been challenging especially due to high amounts of chemically active compounds, in particular alkali chlorides. Thermally sprayed coatings with high chromium content can offer a solution for protecting low alloyed substrate materials in locations prone to high temperature corrosion. Two thermally sprayed (HVOF — high velocity oxy-fuel) iron based coatings (Fe–27Cr–11Ni–4Mo and Fe–19Cr–9W–7Nb–4Mo) were exposed to biomass boiler conditions for two years. The fluidised bed boiler for district heating used mainly wood-based fuels mixed with small amounts of peat. The coated tubes were located at the hot economiser of the boiler, where the estimated material temperature was about 200 °C maximum. After the exposure the coatings and the carbon steel St35.8 substrate material were analysed with SEM–EDX. It was detected that corrosion due to elements such as chlorine, potassium, zinc, lead and copper had caused severe material wastage in the biomass boiler with relatively low heat exchanger surface temperatures. The low alloyed boiler tubes had suffered severely with a corrosion rate as high as 2 mm/year, whereas dense thermal spray coatings offered excellent protection during the exposure.