Shear Stress Affects Migration Behavior of Polymorphonuclear Cells Arrested on Endothelium

Polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) transmigration across the TNF-α-stimulated endothelial cell (HUVEC) monolayer in the presence of shear flow was monitored with time-lapse videotapes. More than half of the PMN that arrested on HUVEC transmigrated through endothelial cell junctions within the following 15 min. The kinetics of transmigration was significantly faster than that of PMN placed under static conditions. Once PMN crept into the subendothelial space, they showed random migration beneath the HUVEC monolayer. PMN that did not transmigrate moved on the apical surface of HUVEC in the direction of flow downstream. Anti-β1 integrin mAb (4B4) and RGD peptide inhibited the transmigration more effectively than anti-β2 integrin mAb (TS1/18) and almost totally abrogated transmigration. When HUVEC were cultured on fibronectin or laminin, the transmigration was significantly inhibited by anti-α5 or α6 integrin mAbs, respectively. Our data clearly indicate that shear stress affects the migration behavior of PMN arrested on endothelium and suggest that binding to subendothelial extracellular matrix via β1 integrins is another essential step in leukocyte extravasation.