Synthesis of novel push–pull-type solvatochromic 2′-deoxyguanosine derivatives with longer wavelength emission

We synthesized novel push–pull-type fluorescent guanosine derivatives, CNG and AcG containing 1,6- and 2,7-disubstituted pyrene chromophores. 1,6-Disubstituted pyrene derivatives, 1,6-CNG (3b) and 1,6-AcG (3c), exhibited highly solvatochromic fluorescence emission at longer wavelength (∼540 nm). The environmentally sensitive fluorescent deoxyguanosines such as 3b and 3c can be used as powerful tools for structural studies of nucleic acids and molecular diagnostics.