Plasma adenosine levels and platelet activation in patients with atrial fibrillation

Platelet activation is observed in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). P-selectin, which is expressed on platelet activation, plays an important role in the formation of thromboemobli. Because adenosine is known to attenuate platelet activation, we evaluated adenosine levels and 2 indicators of platelet activation, i.e., expression of P-selectin on platelets and plasma levels of β-thromboglobulin, in 28 patients with AF (20 men and 8 women, age range 64 ± 2 years) with sex- and age-matched (± 2 years) subjects with sinus rhythm. The incidence of risk factors for stroke except for coronary heart disease and in echocardiographic parameters did not differ between the 2 groups. Plasma adenosine levels were lower (p <0.05) in patients with AF than in controls (mean [interquartile range] 13.4 [19.3–9.3] vs 19.1 [30.8–11.9] nmol/L). The expression of P-selectin on platelets (6.8% [13.6–3.4] vs 4.0% [8.8–1.8]) and plasma levels of β-thromboglobulin were higher (p <0.05) in patients with AF. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that an antagonist of adenosine receptors, 8-sulfophenyltheophylline, increased the expression of P-selectin on platelets in a dose-dependent manner in the in vitro study. These results suggest that decreased plasma levels of adenosine were associated with platelet activation in patients with AF. Substitution of adenosine may provide a strategy for preventing platelet activation in these patients.