Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program and population-based research in urologic oncology: An overview

The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program is a commonly used data source in cancer research. This article provides an introduction to the SEER database, describes important data items available from SEER on the most commonly diagnosed urologic malignancies (prostate, bladder, and kidney cancers), and reviews limitations of SEER data for urologic oncology research.