Success, Safety, and Mechanisms of Failure of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Occlusive Non–Drug-Eluting In-Stent Restenosis Versus Native Artery Total Occlusion

We compared the procedural success, mechanism of failure, and safety of percutaneous coronary intervention in 235 procedures for de novo chronic total occlusions with 78 procedures for chronic occlusive in-stent restenosis. Despite similar rates of procedural success and safety profile, angiographic predictors of successful percutaneous coronary intervention for de novo chronic total occlusions played a limited role in patients who had chronic occlusive in-stent restenosis, and the mechanisms of failure were different.