Heat transfer modeling in exhaust systems of high-performance two-stroke engines

Heat transfer from the hot gases to the wall in exhaust systems of high-performance two-stroke engines is underestimated using steady state with fully developed flow empirical correlations. This fact is detected when comparing measured and modeled pressure pulses in different positions in the exhaust system. This can be explained taking into account that classical expressions have been validated for fully developed flows, a situation that is far from the flow behavior in reciprocating internal combustion engines. Several researches have solved this phenomenon in four-stroke engines, suggesting that the unsteady flow is strongly linked to the heat transfer. This research evaluates the correlations proposed by other authors in four stroke engines and introduces a new heat transfer model for exhaust systems in two-stroke, high performance, gasoline engines. The model, which accounts for both the entrance length effect and flow velocity fluctuations, is validated against experimental measurements. Comparisons of the proposed model with other models are performed, showing not negligible differences in the scavenge process related parameters.