Charge-carrier injection characteristics at organic/organic heterojunction interfaces in organic light-emitting diodes

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) having various guest molecules doped in an organic host matrix layer are fabricated [the OLED structure is anode/hole-transporting layer (HTL)/guest–host emitting layer/hole-blocking layer/electron-transporting layer/cathode], and the dependence of current density–voltage (J–V) characteristics of the OLEDs on highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels of guest molecules are investigated. From the J–V characteristics of these OLEDs, we find two important results: (1) J–V characteristics of the OLEDs are controlled by the direct hole injection from the neighboring HTL to guest molecules, and (2) HOMO level alignment between the HTL and guest molecules provides efficient hole injection at this interface.