Production and evaluation of biodiesel and bioethanol from high oil corn using three processing routes

Six Korea high oil (KHO) corn varieties varying in germ and endosperm size and oil content (4–21%, wet basis) were subjected to three sequential combinations of milling (M), germ separation (S), fermentation (F), and in situ transesterification (T) to produce bioethanol and biodiesel. Production parameters including saccharification, bioethanol yield, biodiesel yield and composition, and conversion rate were evaluated. The effects of the contents of germ, endosperm size, oil, and non-oil solid mass on the production parameters strongly depended on the processing routes, namely M–F–T, M–T–F, and S–T|F. The M–F–T route produced the highest bioethanol yield while the S–T|F route produced the highest biodiesel yield. The in situ transesterification reaction, if proceeded before fermentation, reduced the bioethanol yield while fermentation and/or presence of endosperm reduced the biodiesel yield.