Formation mechanism of Y-junctions in arrays of multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Transmission electron microscopy of arrays of multi-walled carbon nanotubes reveals the presence of numerous Y-junctions. The diameter distributions of the samples are found to be bimodal, with one mode corresponding to the branches and the other mode to the trunk of the Y-junctions. The analysis of the micrographs shows that the junctions form via the merger of metal particles during the tip-growth of the tubes.