Electrorheological property of M-doped (M=Na, Zr) nano-sized TiO2 particle materials, influence of surface composition and microstructure

Nano-sized TiO2 particle materials doped with Na2O or ZrO2 have been synthesized. Their composition (including the composition in the surface layer of particles), microstructure and dielectric property have been studied by XRD, BET, XPS, TEM and dielectric analysis. The electrorheological (ER) properties of the materials have shown that both Na-doping and Zr-doping can effectively enhance the ER performance of TiO2 materials with suitable degree of doping. Especially, the composition in the surface layer of particles plays a dominant role in influencing the ER performance of the particle materials.