Solvothermal synthesis of nanoporous, polymeric solid bases with controlled wettability and good catalytic activity

Nanoporous, polymeric solid bases with controlled wettability have been successfully prepared under solvothermal conditions, the basic site of imidazole or triazole group could be easily introduced into the samples from copolymerization of divinylbenzene (DVB) with 1-vinylimidazole (VI) or 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole (VT). The solid bases possess abundant nanopores, good stability, controlled wettability and excellent adsorption properties for various organic reactants. The synergistic effects of abundant nanoporosity and good wettability for reactants largely promote the fast diffusion of reactants and products, further enhancing the compatibility between reactants and catalysts, which result in their much improved catalytic activities and recyclability in Knoevenagel condensation and Michael addition in comparison with conventional solid bases of Amberlite 400, hydrotalcite and CaO.