Non-volatile taste components of several speciality mushrooms

Four speciality mushrooms are commercially available in Taiwan, including Dictyophora indusiata (basket stinkhorn), Grifola frondosa (maitake), Hericium erinaceus (lionʹs mane), and Tricholoma giganteum (white matsutake). Protein contents ranged from 14.6 to 22.3%. Carbohydrate contents were high in basket stinkhorn and white matsutake (67.0 and 70.1%) and low in maitake and lionʹs mane (58.8 and 57.2%, respectively). Contents of total soluble sugars showed two distinct levels, white matsutake (349 mg g−1) and other mushrooms (153–188 mg g−1). Total free amino acid contents ranged from 7.41 to 12.3 mg g−1. Contents of monosodium glutamate-like components ranged from 0.68 to 1.09 mg g−1. Contents of flavor 5′-nucleotides were high in white matsutake, moderate in basket stinkhorn, and low in lionʹs mane and maitake. In this study, the four speciality mushrooms, in addition to their characteristic appearances, were distinctly different in both their proximate compositions and their taste components.