Reasons and constraints to implementing an ISO 22000 food safety management system: Evidence from Spain

This study attempts to fill a gap in the literature on food safety management systems (FSMS) by providing quantitative empirical evidence about the reasons for implementing a FSMS based on ISO 22000, as well as by analyzing the main constraints that may prevent the adoption of the standard in the food industry. The survey is based on a sample of 189 Spanish firms with ISO 22000 certification distributed at all levels of the food chain. The future of this standard is then discussed in the light of the views expressed by its users. The results constitute information of interest for consultants and for the ISO itself now that the time to review this family of standards is approaching. ofile of the ISO 22000 certified company in Spain is an SME food producer with a presence in foreign markets, and with two or more management systems implemented. While there exist external pressures that lead companies to adopt a FSMS based on ISO 22000, the reasons that are most determinant in this decision are internal in nature, specifically the desire to improve efficiency, productivity and quality. Results also identify three major constraints limiting the dissemination and use of ISO 22000: it is not a well-known standard, many food companies are unaware of its potential and they also perceive high costs associated to the adoption.