Authentication of Edible Birdʹs nests by TaqMan-based real-time PCR

Edible Birdʹs nests (EBN) have been adulterated with less expensive materials, including white fungus, agar–agar, fried pigskin, egg white and red seaweed, for several years. To protect consumers and regulate the EBN market, it is necessary to establish a robust method for detecting these adulterants in EBN. Herein, we established a TaqMan-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to specifically detect EBN component and four common adulterants: white fungus, agar, pigskin and egg white. Therefore, five sets of primers and probes were designed for these five components. The assays were specific and reproducible, and the relative detection limits were 0.5% EBN in white fungus, 0.001% white fungus in EBN, 0.5% agar in EBN, 0.001% fried pigskin in EBN and 1% egg white in EBN. These detection levels are capable of effectively detecting the adulterants in commercial samples.